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| 1913 |
| | | A coup led by Enver Pasha brings the Young Turks to power in Istanbul | |
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| 1914 |
| | | Calouste Gulbenkian earns his nickname – Mr Five Percent – from the share he receives for negotiating oil deals in the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1914 August 2 |
| | | Germany and the Ottoman empire sign a secret treaty of alliance | |
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| 1914 October 29 |
| | | Turkey, launching an attack on Russian ports in the Black Sea, enters the war on the German side | |
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| 1914 November 2 |
| | | Russia declares war on the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1914 November 5 |
| | | Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1915 May |
| | | from May - hundreds of thousands of Armenians die as the Turks forcibly remove them from their homelands | |
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| 1915 |
| | | from July - the Russians advance through Turkish Armenia and push west into Anatolia as far as Trabzon | |
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| 1916 June 5 |
| | | Sharif Hussein, the emir of Mecca, proclaims himself the leader of the Muslim world, thus launching an Arab revolt against the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1918 October 30 |
| | | An armistice is signed between Turkey and the Allies on the warship Agamemnon in the Greek port of Mudros | |
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